How does waste produced in livestock facilities reach surface water and groundwater?
The waste used as fertilizer has bacteria and other microorganisms, which can reach surface water through runoff if the waste application is higher than needed. If the waste water is applied to a land near to a stream the runoff can reach the stream or river easily and contaminate the water source. Slopes enhance the speed of runoff and any water source downhill of the field will receive contaminants easily. Floodwater can cause an overflow in the open lagoons and increase the area of contamination due to high flow.
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