Is simply exposure to any given pathogen ( AIDS, Lyme disease etc) sufficient enough to result in the disease?
Any pathogen can cause disease BUT consider these: it depends on your immune system or defense mechanism to defend from invading pathogens, it depends on the type of pathogens (e.g. if it is bacteria or virus like AIDS) certain types of pathogens are viable (or alive or could cause a disease) only in this length of time or in certain conditions like e.g. AIDS cannot be transferred from a mosquito bite BUT can be transferred from a human BITE (from someone who is infected with HIV or AIDS of course). So you see different types of pathogens have different characteristics and the way they produce disease or cause diseases. The time or length of exposure is one factor- and so with other things like you health status, general/overall health, hygiene, etc.