So, where exactly does it state in Immigration Law that barriers were required to segregate classes?
To my knowledge, there’s actually no single specific statement in any of the U.S. immigration laws which states that emigrant ships were required to have locking barriers to segregate classes. The de facto requirement is derived from a combination of statutes that began with the original Steerage Act of 1819. The March 1853 Act to Regulate the Carriage of Passengers in Steamships and Other Vessels laid down steerage space requirements, while the August 1882 Act to Regulate the Carriage of Passengers by Sea determined the difference in space allocation between cabin and steerage passengers. According to the 1882 Act, the owners and master of an emigrant ship were charged, under penalty of law, to enforce the restriction of steerage passengers to those decks alloted for their use, for the duration of a voyage. Section 42 of the Immigration Act of February 1907 was especially contentious, because in its attempt to further define the requirements for steerage spaces, it actually restricted
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