The further question is, what is the causal mechanism giving ris e to those formation?
Other paradigms, such as, for instance, Marxism or modernization theory, tend to take complexity for granted and do not bother to explain it. 3. The mechanism of extinction could be studied in greater depth, since it relates both to the question of the rise and fall of great powers and also to the question of why particular attempts to create human organization may fail very quickly. The evolutionary paradigm is a good avenue of exploring both the losers and winners, while other paradigms in social sciences tended to concentrate almost exclusively on the winners.,/p> 4. Evolution as a multi-disciplinary umbrella needs to be viewed with guarded skepticism, partly because of the problems facing the four majo r research traditions which utilize evolutionary approaches in social sciences. The first tradition tends to use evolution as a metaphor. While such a use may be fruitful for creating insight which might otherwise not be arrived at, the creation of metaphors is not sufficient to prov
