What Are the Basic Brain Structures and Their Functions?
1. The spinal cord is capable of autonomous function: The spinal cord is a bundled rope of neurons that responds to sensory inputs and directs muscle responses (reflexes). 2. The brainstem houses the basic programs of survival: The top of the spinal cord at the base of the skull forms the brainstem, which is involved in basic functions and general arousal. 3. The cerebellum is essential for movement: The cerebellum, the bulging structure connected to the back of the brainstem, is essential for balance and movement. 4. Subcortical structures control basic drives and emotions: The subcortical structures play a key part in psychological functions because they control vital functions (the hypothalamus), sensory relay (the thalamus), memories (the hippocampus), emotions (the amygdala), and planning and producing movement (the basal ganglia). 5. The cerebral cortex underlies complex mental activity: The lobes of the cortex play specific roles in controlling vision (occupital), touch (parieta
