What Are the Harms Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs and Elective Cesarean Section?
Antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy is associated with significant short-term nonobstetric adverse events, but these often resolve after therapy with the offending drug or drug combination is discontinued; in addition, effective alternatives are usually available.17 Guidelines reviewing adverse events associated with specific antiretroviral drugs, classes, and combinations in pregnancy are regularly updated, and specific antiretroviral drugs and combinations associated with serious complications are not recommended or should be used only with caution.17,115 One good-quality meta-analysis found that zidovudine exposure during pregnancy did not cause any deaths or long-term maternal adverse events.86 The largest (n = 1407) prospective study of combination antiretroviral therapy found that gestational diabetes was the only associated adverse event; it occurred most frequently with regimens that included a protease inhibitor.116 Although continuous nevirapine therapy is associated wit
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