What is Bose Einstein Condensate?
Bose Einstein condensate emerged in 1995 as an example of an incredibly cold fifth state of matter, a superfluid. Our universe is composed of gas, liquid, solid, and plasma, but physics predicts another form of matter that does not exist naturally. The particles in Bose-Einstein condensate have the coldest temperature possible, 0 degrees Kelvin, or absolute zero. Consequently, atoms in this state display unique, even bizarre, characteristics. In 1924, the physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein theorized that this other state of matter must be possible. Einstein expounded on Bose’s ideas about the behavior of light when acting as waves and particles. He applied the strange statistics which described how light can coalesce into a single entity (now known as a laser) and wondered how it might impact particles with mass. But they were many years from having sophisticated enough instruments to test the theory of atoms condensing into a new state. When Carl Wieman and Eric Cornel
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