What is textile warping?
It is a commonly known fact that fabrics are constructed through two major techniques- weaving and knitting apart from other minor techniques. In these processes, two distinct sets of yarns called the warp and the weft are interlaced with each other to form a fabric. ‘Warp’ is the set of yarns that are laid out first on a loom or frame and ‘Weft’ is the yarn that is woven under and over the warp yarns that are already stretched onto the loom. Thus warp is the continuous row of yarns and the wefts are the yarns that are woven in from side to side. If we go by these definitions, it is clear that textile warping is the processing of creating the base yarn that runs top to bottom on woven cloth.
The primary objective of the warping process is to provide a continuous length of yarn from individual wound yarn packages, in sheet form to a beam for the succeeding process. There are several types of warping techniques, including: ball, direct, draw, indirect (also called sectional) and sample warping. This review focuses on the three most popular process types, direct, indirect, and sample warping.
When utilizing any technique in the warping process it is important to minimize end breaks, keep a constant and uniform tension on the yarns, keep a constant yarn speed, and insure quick response braking of the warper. These factors play a large role in the quality of the warp yarns, which in turn influences the runability of that warp yarn in the succeeding process.
