What is the classical theory in criminal justice?
The classical theory of criminal justice postulated that criminals exercise their own rational free will when breaking the law and that society should respond with punishments that fit the crimes. The writings of the classical theorists influenced the U.S. system of justice.HistoryIn 18th century Europe, where the classical theory developed, execution and torture were common elements of criminal justice systems, which were still modeled on the old feudal system.IdentificationCesare Beccaria, the 18th century Italian aristocrat, articulated the classical theory of criminal justice in a 1764 essay, “On Crimes and Punishments.” Other key classical thinkers included philosopher Jeremy Bentham.Theories/SpeculationClassical theory emphasizes that humans are rational beings and that human will controls behavior. Beccaria reasoned that penalties for criminal acts should be rational, as well. The severity of punishment should be proportionate to the seriousness of the crime.FeaturesBeccaria saw
