What is the difference between a norm-referenced test and a criterion-referenced test and what is an appropriate use and example of each?
Norm-referenced tests are used whenever comparisons among individuals are to be made. Examples of norm-referenced tests are standardized achievement tests, such as the California Achievement Test, and aptitude tests, such as the SAT. In both of these tests, an individual’s performance on the test is compared to that of every other individual who is taking the test at that time. Criterion-referenced tests measure the mastery of specific objectives by measuring what students can and cannot do relative to the test criteria. Examples of criterion-referenced tests are the automobile driver’s license exam and the Red Cross lifesaving course exam. Students must meet and master certain criteria, regardless of the other individuals’ scores who are taking the test at the same time, to pass.
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