Why couldn’t Chechnya break away like the other republics after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991?
Chechnya was not a Soviet republic like Armenia or the Baltic states. During the Soviet era, Chechnya was designated a semi-autonomous district within Russia’s borders. After the rapid break-up of the USSR, the newly emerged Russian Federation hardened its borders in a bid to maintain territorial integrity and to retain a major oil refining center and pipelines, several of which run through Chechnya.