How can we normalize the results to the relative amount of cell extract spotted?
There is no perfect solution for this problem. We pre-normalized the array based on total protein in each sample. You can use the expression results from one or more housekeeping proteins such as β -actin, GAPDH, α and β tubulin etc. However, the expression of these genes can vary among different tissues and also display differences between tumor and normal tissues. In fact, we detected such differences using β -actin as a probe.
